Three Years Too Long: Analysis of Trends and the Devastating Human Rights Impacts of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Sudan from 15 April 2023 to 15 April 2026

Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) in Sudan is unprecedented in terms of the scale, prevalence and brutality of its widespread use as a weapon of war. This report analyzes the magnitude of CRSV over three years of conflict in Sudan, the way in which it has been directly linked to the conflict and employed as a tactic to terrorize the civilian population, and the profound, wide-ranging, and long-term impacts on victims, their families and communities. The paper identifies and analyses the main trends and patterns of CRSV from 15 April 2023 until mid-April 2026, including the links to conflict dynamics. It examines the individual and collective impacts on victims, families, society and beyond. These impacts risk undermining peace, security and social cohesion in Sudan for years to come. 

A longstanding environment of impunity for serious violations of international law, including sexual violence, has exacerbated the situation. Justice and accountability for CRSV are essential to advance sustainable, meaningful peace. Without justice anchored in the rights, voices and choices of victims, peace efforts will not be sustainable – laying the ground for renewed cycles of violence and harm. 

This report is intended to inform efforts to address CRSV in Sudan – encompassing prevention, accountability and holistic victim-centred responses – and to ensure these considerations are taken into account in initiatives towards a cessation of hostilities and resolution of the conflict.